As an alternative to list rental, try sponsored mailings instead. Ask organizations with like-minded recipients to send to their own list an invitation to subscribe to your mailing list. (To get a decent response rate, you'll need to offer an incentive in return for the subscription.) The benefit of this technique is that spam complaints and blacklisting, if any, are likely to be directed toward the mailer, not you. Thus, you will be able to grow your mailing list while limiting the risks associated with list rental.
Note: Don't pay a flat rate. Instead, try to structure the mailing sponsorship so that you pay only for performance, such as 75 cents per new (i.e., unduplicated) double opt-in subscriber to your mailing list. That way, you only pay for successful registrations, transferring low-response and duplication risk to the list owner and mailer.